Merge branch 'master' of github.com:javascript-tutorial/en.javascript.info into sync-58f6599d

Author: iliakan

1-js/02-first-steps/05-types/article.md

@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ We'll cover strings more thoroughly in the chapter <info:string>.
 ```smart header="There is no *character* type."
 In some languages, there is a special "character" type for a single character. For example, in the C language and in Java it is called "char".
 
-In JavaScript, there is no such type. There's only one type: `string`. A string may consist of only one character or many of them.
+In JavaScript, there is no such type. There's only one type: `string`. A string may consist of zero characters (be empty), one character or many of them.
 ```
 
 ## Boolean (logical type)

1-js/03-code-quality/04-ninja-code/article.md

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # Ninja code
 
 
-```quote author="Confucius"
+```quote author="Confucius (Analects)"
 Learning without thought is labor lost; thought without learning is perilous.
 ```
 
@@ -104,8 +104,8 @@ A quick read of such code becomes impossible. And when there's a typo... Ummm...
 
 ## Smart synonyms
 
-```quote author="Confucius"
-The hardest thing of all is to find a black cat in a dark room, especially if there is no cat.
+```quote author="Laozi (Tao Te Ching)"
+The Tao that can be told is not the eternal Tao. The name that can be named is not the eternal name.
 ```
 
 Using *similar* names for *same* things makes life more interesting and shows your creativity to the public.

1-js/04-object-basics/07-optional-chaining/article.md

@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ If there's no variable `user` at all, then `user?.anything` triggers an error:
 // ReferenceError: user is not defined
 user?.address;
 ```
-There must be `let/const/var user`. The optional chaining works only for declared variables. 
+There must be `let/const/var user`. The optional chaining works only for declared variables.
 ````
 
 ## Short-circuiting

1-js/05-data-types/04-array/article.md

@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ An array is a special kind of object. The square brackets used to access a prope
 
 They extend objects providing special methods to work with ordered collections of data and also the `length` property. But at the core it's still an object.
 
-Remember, there are only eight basic data types in JavaScript (see the [Data types](https://javascript.info/types) chapter for more info). Array is an object and thus behaves like an object.
+Remember, there are only eight basic data types in JavaScript (see the [Data types](info:types) chapter for more info). Array is an object and thus behaves like an object.
 
 For instance, it is copied by reference:
 

1-js/05-data-types/06-iterable/article.md

@@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ alert( str.slice(1, 3) ); // garbage (two pieces from different surrogate pairs)
 Objects that can be used in `for..of` are called *iterable*.
 
 - Technically, iterables must implement the method named `Symbol.iterator`.
-    - The result of `obj[Symbol.iterator]` is called an *iterator*. It handles the further iteration process.
+    - The result of `obj[Symbol.iterator]()` is called an *iterator*. It handles the further iteration process.
     - An iterator must have the method named `next()` that returns an object `{done: Boolean, value: any}`, here `done:true` denotes the end of the iteration process, otherwise the `value` is the next value.
 - The `Symbol.iterator` method is called automatically by `for..of`, but we also can do it directly.
 - Built-in iterables like strings or arrays, also implement `Symbol.iterator`.
@@ -304,4 +304,4 @@ Objects that have indexed properties and `length` are called *array-like*. Such
 
 If we look inside the specification -- we'll see that most built-in methods assume that they work with iterables or array-likes instead of "real" arrays, because that's more abstract.
 
-`Array.from(obj[, mapFn, thisArg])` makes a real `Array` of an iterable or array-like `obj`, and we can then use array methods on it. The optional arguments `mapFn` and `thisArg` allow us to apply a function to each item.
+`Array.from(obj[, mapFn, thisArg])` makes a real `Array` from an iterable or array-like `obj`, and we can then use array methods on it. The optional arguments `mapFn` and `thisArg` allow us to apply a function to each item.

1-js/06-advanced-functions/09-call-apply-decorators/03-debounce/task.md

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ Then if the wrapped function is called at 0ms, 200ms and 500ms, and then there a
 
 ...And it will get the arguments of the very last call, other calls are ignored.
 
-Here's the code for it (uses the debounce decorator from the [Lodash library](https://lodash.com/docs/4.17.15#debounce):
+Here's the code for it (uses the debounce decorator from the [Lodash library](https://lodash.com/docs/4.17.15#debounce)):
 
 ```js
 let f = _.debounce(alert, 1000);

1-js/08-prototypes/03-native-prototypes/article.md

@@ -33,7 +33,9 @@ We can check it like this:
 let obj = {};
 
 alert(obj.__proto__ === Object.prototype); // true
-// obj.toString === obj.__proto__.toString == Object.prototype.toString
+
+alert(obj.toString === obj.__proto__.toString); //true
+alert(obj.toString === Object.prototype.toString); //true
 ```
 
 Please note that there is no more `[[Prototype]]` in the chain above `Object.prototype`:

1-js/09-classes/02-class-inheritance/article.md

@@ -364,7 +364,7 @@ Why is there the difference?
 
 Well, the reason is in the field initialization order. The class field is initialized:
 - Before constructor for the base class (that doesn't extend anything),
-- Imediately after `super()` for the derived class.
+- Immediately after `super()` for the derived class.
 
 In our case, `Rabbit` is the derived class. There's no `constructor()` in it. As said previously, that's the same as if there was an empty constructor with only `super(...args)`.
 
@@ -545,7 +545,7 @@ Here's the demo of a wrong `super` result after copying:
 ```js run
 let animal = {
   sayHi() {
-    console.log(`I'm an animal`);
+    alert(`I'm an animal`);
   }
 };
 
@@ -559,7 +559,7 @@ let rabbit = {
 
 let plant = {
   sayHi() {
-    console.log("I'm a plant");
+    alert("I'm a plant");
   }
 };