diff --git a/temporal-sdk/src/main/java/io/temporal/activity/ActivityOptions.java b/temporal-sdk/src/main/java/io/temporal/activity/ActivityOptions.java
index 69032d1f7..f67a4beed 100644
--- a/temporal-sdk/src/main/java/io/temporal/activity/ActivityOptions.java
+++ b/temporal-sdk/src/main/java/io/temporal/activity/ActivityOptions.java
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 import io.temporal.common.context.ContextPropagator;
 import io.temporal.failure.CanceledFailure;
 import java.time.Duration;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.List;
 
 /** Options used to configure how an activity is invoked. */
@@ -282,7 +283,9 @@ public Builder mergeActivityOptions(ActivityOptions override) {
       if (this.contextPropagators == null) {
         this.contextPropagators = override.contextPropagators;
       } else if (override.contextPropagators != null) {
-        this.contextPropagators.addAll(override.contextPropagators);
+        List<ContextPropagator> merged = new ArrayList<>(this.contextPropagators);
+        merged.addAll(override.contextPropagators);
+        this.contextPropagators = merged;
       }
       if (override.versioningIntent != VersioningIntent.VERSIONING_INTENT_UNSPECIFIED) {
         this.versioningIntent = override.versioningIntent;
diff --git a/temporal-sdk/src/test/java/io/temporal/activity/ActivityOptionsTest.java b/temporal-sdk/src/test/java/io/temporal/activity/ActivityOptionsTest.java
index 26f8cc910..3a96c685f 100644
--- a/temporal-sdk/src/test/java/io/temporal/activity/ActivityOptionsTest.java
+++ b/temporal-sdk/src/test/java/io/temporal/activity/ActivityOptionsTest.java
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 import io.temporal.workflow.shared.TestActivities.TestActivityImpl;
 import java.lang.reflect.Method;
 import java.time.Duration;
+import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.Map;
 import org.junit.*;
 import org.junit.rules.Timeout;
@@ -62,6 +63,31 @@ public void testActivityOptionsMerge() {
     Assert.assertEquals(methodOps1, merged);
   }
 
+  @Test
+  public void testActivityOptionsMergeWithImmutableContextPropagators() {
+    // Create options with immutable lists using Collections.emptyList()
+    // This tests the fix for https://github.com/temporalio/sdk-java/issues/2482
+    ActivityOptions options1 =
+        ActivityOptions.newBuilder()
+            .setStartToCloseTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(1))
+            .setContextPropagators(Collections.emptyList())
+            .build();
+
+    ActivityOptions options2 =
+        ActivityOptions.newBuilder()
+            .setStartToCloseTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(2))
+            .setContextPropagators(Collections.emptyList())
+            .build();
+
+    // This should NOT throw UnsupportedOperationException
+    ActivityOptions merged =
+        ActivityOptions.newBuilder(options1).mergeActivityOptions(options2).build();
+
+    assertNotNull(merged);
+    assertNotNull(merged.getContextPropagators());
+    assertEquals(Duration.ofSeconds(2), merged.getStartToCloseTimeout());
+  }
+
   @Test
   public void testActivityOptionsDefaultInstance() {
     testEnv.registerActivitiesImplementations(new TestActivityImpl());