Serial

build.sh

@@ -4,14 +4,16 @@ mkdir -p bin
 
 cd src
 
-nasm -DBIOS=1 pure64.asm -o ../bin/pure64-bios.sys -l ../bin/pure64-bios-debug.txt
-nasm -DUEFI=1 pure64.asm -o ../bin/pure64-uefi.sys -l ../bin/pure64-uefi-debug.txt
+nasm -dBIOS=1 -dNOVIDEO=1 pure64.asm -o ../bin/pure64-bios-novideo.sys -l ../bin/pure64-bios-novideo-debug.txt
+nasm -dBIOS=1 pure64.asm -o ../bin/pure64-bios.sys -l ../bin/pure64-bios-debug.txt
+nasm -dUEFI=1 pure64.asm -o ../bin/pure64-uefi.sys -l ../bin/pure64-uefi-debug.txt
 
 cd boot
 
 nasm bios.asm -o ../../bin/bios.sys -l ../../bin/bios-debug.txt
 nasm uefi.asm -o ../../bin/uefi.sys -l ../../bin/uefi-debug.txt
 nasm bios-floppy.asm -o ../../bin/bios-floppy.sys -l ../../bin/bios-floppy-debug.txt
 nasm bios-pxe.asm -o ../../bin/bios-pxe.sys -l ../../bin/bios-pxe-debug.txt
+nasm bios-novideo.asm -o ../../bin/bios-novideo.sys -l ../../bin/bios-novideo-debug.txt
 
 cd ../..

docs/Boot Process.md

@@ -5,15 +5,15 @@ Pure64 uses two different first stage loaders depending on the firmware of the s
 * BIOS loads the first 512-byte sector from the boot disk to `0x7C00`
 * The boot code pulls some data about the system (memory map), sets the video mode, and loads the second stage loader to `0x8000`. 
 * The boot code transitions from 16-bit real mode to 32-bit protected mode and then jumps to the second stage.
-* The second stage immediately transitions from 32-bit protected mode to a minimal 64-bit long mode. It then follows unified boot path.
+* The second stage immediately transitions from 32-bit protected mode to a minimal 64-bit long mode. It then follows the unified boot path.
 
 ## UEFI boot (`uefi.asm`):
 * UEFI loads `\EFI\BOOT\BOOTX64.EFI` from the FAT32 partition of the boot disk.
 * The boot code sets the video mode, copies the second stage loader to `0x8000`, gets the system memory map, and then jumps to the second stage loader.
 * The second stage then follows the unified boot process as the system is already in 64-bit mode.
 
 ## Unified boot with the second stage (`pure64.asm`):
-* Once it 64-bit mode it configures the PIC, PIT, serial port, sets up the proper 64-bit environment.
+* Once in 64-bit mode it configures the PIC, PIT, serial port, sets up the proper 64-bit environment.
 * Patches the second stage loader so that the AP's can start at `0x8000` as well.
 * The software processes the system memory map and creates a list of memory that is usable.
 * All available memory above 4MiB is mapped to `0xFFFF800000000000`

docs/README.md

@@ -122,9 +122,7 @@ All Pure64 binaries are in the `bin` directory.
 
 ### BIOS
 
-After creating a kernel this is a possible routine to create a bootable image.
-The commands require Pure64 to be build and `pure64.sys` and `mbr.sys` to be in the same directory 
-as your kernel with the name `kernel.bin`
+For BIOS systems you'll need `pure64-bios.sys` and `mbr.sys` to be in the same directory as your kernel with the name `kernel.bin`
 
 ```
 dd if=/dev/zero of=disk.img count=128 bs=1048576

src/boot/bios-novideo.asm

@@ -0,0 +1,248 @@
+; =============================================================================
+; Pure64 MBR -- a 64-bit OS/software loader written in Assembly for x86-64 systems
+; Copyright (C) 2008-2025 Return Infinity -- see LICENSE.TXT
+;
+; This Master Boot Record will load Pure64 from a pre-defined location on the
+; hard drive without making use of the file system.
+;
+; In this code we are expecting a BMFS-formatted drive. With BMFS the Pure64
+; binary is required to start at sector 16 (8192 bytes from the start). A small
+; check is made to make sure Pure64 was loaded by comparing a signature.
+; =============================================================================
+
+; Default location of the second stage boot loader. This loads
+; 32 KiB from sector 16 into memory at 0x8000
+%define DAP_SECTORS 64
+%define DAP_STARTSECTOR 16
+%define DAP_ADDRESS 0x8000
+%define DAP_SEGMENT 0x0000
+
+BITS 16
+org 0x7C00
+
+entry:
+	jmp bootcode			; Jump past the BPB data
+	nop
+
+; BPB (BIOS Parameter Block)
+dq 0		; OEM identifier
+dw 0		; Bytes per sector
+db 0		; Sectors per cluster
+dw 0		; Reserved sectors
+db 0		; Number of FATs
+dw 0		; Number of root directory entries
+dw 0		; The total sectors in the logical volume
+db 0		; Media descriptor type
+dw 0		; Number of sectors per FAT
+dw 0		; Number of sectors per track
+dw 0		; Number of heads or sides on the storage media
+dd 0		; Number of hidden sectors
+dd 0		; Large sector count
+
+; EBPB (Extended Boot Record)
+dd 0		; Sectors per FAT
+dw 0		; Flags
+dw 0		; FAT version number
+dd 0		; The cluster number of the root directory
+dw 0		; The sector number of the FSInfo structure
+dw 0		; The sector number of the backup boot sector
+dq 0		; Reserved
+dd 0		; Reserved
+db 0		; Drive number
+db 0		; Flags in Windows NT
+db 0		; Signature
+dd 0		; Volume ID 'Serial' number
+times 11 db 0	; Volume label string
+dq 0		; System identifier string. Always "FAT32   "
+
+bootcode:
+	cli				; Disable interrupts
+	cld				; Clear direction flag
+	xor eax, eax
+	mov ss, ax
+	mov es, ax
+	mov ds, ax
+	mov sp, 0x7C00
+	sti				; Enable interrupts
+
+	mov [DriveNumber], dl		; BIOS passes drive number in DL
+
+	; Configure first serial port
+	mov dx, 0			; Port
+	mov ax, 0x00E3			; Init port, 9600bps 8N1
+	int 0x14
+
+	; Output message to serial
+	mov si, msg_Load
+	call output_serial
+
+; Get the BIOS E820 Memory Map
+; https://wiki.osdev.org/Detecting_Memory_(x86)#BIOS_Function:_INT_0x15,_EAX_=_0xE820
+; The code below is from https://wiki.osdev.org/Detecting_Memory_(x86)#Getting_an_E820_Memory_Map
+; inputs: es:di -> destination buffer for 24 byte entries
+; outputs: bp = entry count, trashes all registers except esi
+; The function below creates a memory map at address 0x6000 and the records are:
+; 64-bit Base
+; 64-bit Length
+; 32-bit Type (1 = normal, 2 reserved, ACPI reclaimable)
+; 32-bit ACPI
+; 64-bit Padding
+do_e820:
+	mov edi, 0x00006000		; location that memory map will be stored to
+	xor ebx, ebx			; ebx must be 0 to start
+	xor bp, bp			; keep an entry count in bp
+	mov edx, 0x0534D4150		; Place "SMAP" into edx
+	mov eax, 0xe820
+	mov [es:di + 20], dword 1	; force a valid ACPI 3.X entry
+	mov ecx, 24			; ask for 24 bytes
+	int 0x15
+	jc nomemmap			; carry set on first call means "unsupported function"
+	mov edx, 0x0534D4150		; Some BIOSes apparently trash this register?
+	cmp eax, edx			; on success, eax must have been reset to "SMAP"
+	jne nomemmap
+	test ebx, ebx			; ebx = 0 implies list is only 1 entry long (worthless)
+	je nomemmap
+	jmp jmpin
+e820lp:
+	mov eax, 0xe820			; eax, ecx get trashed on every int 0x15 call
+	mov [es:di + 20], dword 1	; force a valid ACPI 3.X entry
+	mov ecx, 24			; ask for 24 bytes again
+	int 0x15
+	jc memmapend			; carry set means "end of list already reached"
+	mov edx, 0x0534D4150		; repair potentially trashed register
+jmpin:
+	jcxz skipent			; skip any 0 length entries
+	cmp cl, 20			; got a 24 byte ACPI 3.X response?
+	jbe notext
+	test byte [es:di + 20], 1	; if so: is the "ignore this data" bit clear?
+	je skipent
+notext:
+	mov ecx, [es:di + 8]		; get lower dword of memory region length
+	test ecx, ecx			; is the qword == 0?
+	jne goodent
+	mov ecx, [es:di + 12]		; get upper dword of memory region length
+	jecxz skipent			; if length qword is 0, skip entry
+goodent:
+	inc bp				; got a good entry: ++count, move to next storage spot
+	add di, 32			; Pad to 32 bytes for each record
+skipent:
+	test ebx, ebx			; if ebx resets to 0, list is complete
+	jne e820lp
+nomemmap:
+memmapend:
+	xor eax, eax			; Create a blank record for termination (32 bytes)
+	mov ecx, 8
+	rep stosd
+
+; Enable the A20 gate
+set_A20:
+	in al, 0x64
+	test al, 0x02
+	jnz set_A20
+	mov al, 0xD1
+	out 0x64, al
+check_A20:
+	in al, 0x64
+	test al, 0x02
+	jnz check_A20
+	mov al, 0xDF
+	out 0x60, al
+
+	; Video modes aren't supported in this boot sector
+	; Clear the video detail memory for Pure64
+	mov edi, 0x5F00
+	xor eax, eax
+	mov ecx, 64
+	rep stosd
+
+	; Read the 2nd stage boot loader into memory.
+	mov ah, 0x42			; Extended Read
+	mov dl, [DriveNumber]		; http://www.ctyme.com/intr/rb-0708.htm
+	mov si, DAP
+	int 0x13
+	jc halt
+
+	; Check signature
+;	mov eax, [0x8000]
+;	cmp eax, 0x00017EE9		; Match against the Pure64 binary
+;	jne halt
+
+	; Output message to serial
+	mov si, msg_Ok
+	call output_serial
+
+	mov bl, 'B'			; 'B' as we booted via BIOS
+
+	; At this point we are done with real mode and BIOS interrupts. Jump to 32-bit mode.
+	cli				; No more interrupts
+	lgdt [cs:GDTR32]		; Load GDT register
+	mov eax, cr0
+	or al, 0x01			; Set protected mode bit
+	mov cr0, eax
+	jmp 8:0x8000			; Jump to 32-bit protected mode
+
+;magic_fail:
+;	mov si, msg_Error
+;	call output_serial
+halt:
+	hlt
+	jmp halt
+;------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+;------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+; Output a string via serial
+; IN:	SI - Address of start of string
+output_serial:			; Output string via serial
+	pusha
+output_serial_next_char:
+	mov dx, 0			; First serial port
+	mov ah, 0x01			; SERIAL - WRITE CHARACTER TO PORT
+	lodsb				; Get char from string
+	cmp al, 0
+	je output_serial_done		; If char is zero, end of string
+	int 0x14			; Otherwise, output it
+	jmp short output_serial_next_char
+output_serial_done:
+	popa
+	ret
+;------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+msg_Load db "MBR ", 0
+msg_Ok db "OK", 0
+msg_Error db "Error!", 0
+
+align 16
+GDTR32:					; Global Descriptors Table Register
+dw gdt32_end - gdt32 - 1		; limit of GDT (size minus one)
+dq gdt32				; linear address of GDT
+
+align 16
+gdt32:
+dw 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000	; Null descriptor
+dw 0xFFFF, 0x0000, 0x9A00, 0x00CF	; 32-bit code descriptor
+dw 0xFFFF, 0x0000, 0x9200, 0x00CF	; 32-bit data descriptor
+gdt32_end:
+
+align 4
+
+DAP:
+db 0x10
+db 0x00
+dw DAP_SECTORS
+dw DAP_ADDRESS
+dw DAP_SEGMENT
+dq DAP_STARTSECTOR
+
+DriveNumber db 0x00
+
+times 446-$+$$ db 0
+
+; Partition entries (4x 16-bytes)
+
+times 510-$+$$ db 0
+
+dw 0xAA55				; Boot signature
+
+
+; EOF

src/fdc/fdc_64.asm

@@ -420,4 +420,3 @@ mem_buff	dd	MEM_BUFF
 
 ; =============================================================================
 ; EOF
-

src/init/acpi.asm

@@ -154,12 +154,14 @@ init_smp_acpi_done:
 
 noACPI:
 novalidacpi:
+%ifndef NOVIDEO
 	; Set screen to Teal
 	mov rdi, [0x00005F00]		; Frame buffer base
 	mov rcx, [0x00005F08]		; Frame buffer size
 	shr rcx, 2			; Quick divide by 4
 	mov eax, 0x0000FFFF		; 0x00RRGGBB
 	rep stosd
+%endif
 	jmp $
 
 

src/init/hpet.asm

@@ -60,7 +60,6 @@ os_hpet_init_disable_int:
 
 os_hpet_init_error:
 	ret
-; -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 ; -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -155,4 +154,4 @@ HPET_TIMER_2_INT	equ 0x150
 
 
 ; =============================================================================
-; EOF
+; EOF

src/init/serial.asm

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+; =============================================================================
+; Pure64 -- a 64-bit OS/software loader written in Assembly for x86-64 systems
+; Copyright (C) 2008-2025 Return Infinity -- see LICENSE.TXT
+;
+; INIT SERIAL - 115200 bps, 8N1 (8 data bits, no parity, and 1 stop bit)
+; =============================================================================
+
+
+init_serial:
+	; Disable Interrupts
+	mov dx, COM_PORT_INTERRUPT_ENABLE
+	mov al, 0			; Disable all interrupts
+	out dx, al
+
+	; Enable divisor register for setting baud rate
+	mov dx, COM_PORT_LINE_CONTROL
+	mov dl, 0x80			; DLB (7 set)
+	out dx, al
+
+	; Send the divisor (baud rate will be 115200 / divisor)
+	mov dx, COM_PORT_DATA
+	mov ax, BAUD_115200
+	out dx, al
+	mov dx, COM_PORT_DATA+1
+	shr ax, 8
+	out dx, al
+
+	; Disable divisor register and set values
+	mov dx, COM_PORT_LINE_CONTROL
+	mov al, 00000111b		; 8 data bits (0-1 set), one stop bit (2 set), no parity (3-5 clear), DLB (7 clear)
+	out dx, al
+
+	; Disable modem control
+	mov dx, COM_PORT_MODEM_CONTROL
+	mov al, 0
+	out dx, al
+
+	; Set FIFO
+	mov dx, COM_PORT_FIFO_CONTROL
+	mov al, 0xC7			; Enable FIFO, clear them, 14-byte threshold
+	out dx, al
+
+	ret
+
+
+; Port Registers
+COM_BASE			equ 0x3F8
+COM_PORT_DATA			equ COM_BASE + 0
+COM_PORT_INTERRUPT_ENABLE	equ COM_BASE + 1
+COM_PORT_FIFO_CONTROL		equ COM_BASE + 2
+COM_PORT_LINE_CONTROL		equ COM_BASE + 3
+COM_PORT_MODEM_CONTROL		equ COM_BASE + 4
+COM_PORT_LINE_STATUS		equ COM_BASE + 5
+COM_PORT_MODEM_STATUS		equ COM_BASE + 6
+COM_PORT_SCRATCH_REGISTER	equ COM_BASE + 7
+
+; Baud Rates
+BAUD_115200			equ 1
+BAUD_57600			equ 2
+BAUD_9600			equ 12
+BAUD_300			equ 384
+
+
+; =============================================================================
+; EOF