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The student's solution demonstrates a good understanding of pandas operations and ranking methods to solve the problems of finding the Nth highest and second highest salaries. Here are some detailed observations:

  1. Correctness:

    • Both solutions correctly handle duplicate salaries by dropping duplicates before ranking.
    • The solutions properly handle edge cases where there might not be enough distinct salaries (returning None or NaN appropriately).
    • The ranking logic using method='dense' is appropriate for this type of problem.
  2. Time Complexity:

    • The time complexity is O(n log n) due to the ranking operation, which is efficient for this type of problem.
    • The drop_duplicates operation is O(n) in the worst case.
  3. Space Complexity:

    • The space complexity is O(n) as we're creating new columns for ranking and potentially storing filtered results.
  4. Code Quality:

    • The code is generally well-structured and readable.
    • Variable names are clear and descriptive.
    • The solutions follow pandas best practices for DataFrame operations.
    • One minor improvement could be to use consistent naming between the two solutions (e.g., either always use 'rnk' or 'rank').
  5. Efficiency:

    • The solutions are already quite efficient for typical use cases.
    • One potential optimization could be to avoid creating a new column for ranking if we only need it temporarily (though this is a minor point).
  6. Edge Cases:

    • Both solutions handle cases where N is larger than the number of distinct salaries.
    • The second solution specifically checks if there are at least 2 distinct salaries before proceeding.
  7. Suggestions:

    • Consider adding docstrings to explain the function parameters and return values.
    • The import of numpy in the second solution isn't strictly necessary since pandas can handle NaN values directly.
    • The solutions could be made more consistent in their return value formatting (one uses None, the other uses NaN).

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2 participants